Program for Three Phase Induction Machine Education Measurement

This paper deals with program for educationmeasurement of three phase induction machine. This type ofmotor is the most used motor today. Measuring test stand isdescribed in the first part. Measuring program is describedin second part. This program consist from five parts and allthese parts are described

The CTLA4 variants may interact with the IL23R- and NOD2-conferred risk in development of Crohn's disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>CTLA4 </it>(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) gene is associated with several immunopathologic diseases and because of its important immuno-regulatory role it may be considered also a plausible candidate for a genetic association with inflammatory bowel diseases. Previously published studies found no association of <it>CTLA4 </it>with Crohn's disease itself, but some indicated an association with its subphenotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the association in the Czech population, using a set of markers shown to associate with other diseases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Six polymorphisms within the <it>CTLA4 </it>region were investigated in 333 patients with Crohn's disease and 482 unrelated healthy controls, all Caucasians of Czech origin. The genotypes of the SNPs were determined using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Haplotypes were reconstructed using an expectation-maximization algorithm, and their association with the condition was assessed using log-linear modeling. Then, potential interactions were tested between the <it>CTLA4 </it>variants and other genetic factors known to confer the disease susceptibility.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No crude associations with Crohn's disease were found for the tested <it>CTLA4 </it>variants under the log-additive or dominant models. However, when stratified for the genetic risk conferred by the variants in the <it>NOD2 </it>(the p.Leu1007fsX1008, rs5743293) or the <it>IL23R </it>(p.R381Q, rs11209026), a significant negative association emerged for the minor alleles of <it>CTLA4 </it>CT60 (rs3087243), JO31 (rs11571302), JO27-1 (rs11571297) polymorphisms. This negative association with <it>CTLA4 </it>was apparent only in the strata defined by presence minor alleles at the <it>NOD2 </it>rs5743293 (here the <it>CTLA4 </it>CT60 A coffered an OR = 0.43, 95%CI 0.19 - 0.95 for the presence of CT60 A), or <it>IL23R </it>rs11209026 (here the OR for presence of CT60 A was 0.23, 95%CI 0.07 - 0.71). We observed this effect also for the haplotype consisting of minor alleles of the three tightly linked <it>CTLA4 </it>markers. Furthermore, this haplotype was associated with the younger age at diagnosis (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.09 - 2.11, p = 0.014).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A protective effect of a <it>CTLA4 </it>haplotype was unmasked after stratification for the risk variants in the <it>NOD2 </it>and <it>IL23R </it>genes, and may point towards the biological relevance of the molecule in the pathogenesis of the disease.</p

Expression of Biliverdin Reductase A in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with treatment response in HCV-infected patients.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with systemic oxidative stress. Since the heme catabolic pathway plays an important role in antioxidant protection, we attempted to assess the gene expression of key enzymes of heme catabolism, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), heme oxygenase 2 (HMOX2), and biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) in the liver and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of patients chronically infected with HCV.Gene expressions (HMOX1, HMOX2, BLVRA) and HCV RNA were analyzed in PBL of HCV treatment naïve patients (n = 58) and controls (n = 55), with a subset of HCV patients having data on hepatic gene expression (n = 35). Based upon the therapeutic outcome, HCV patients were classified as either responders (n = 38) or treatment-failure patients (n = 20). Blood samples in HCV patients were collected at day 0, and week 12, 24, 36, and 48 after the initiation of standard antiviral therapy.Compared to the controls, substantially increased BLVRA expression was detected in PBL (p<0.001) of therapeutically naïve HCV patients. mRNA levels of BLVRA in PBL closely correlated with those in liver tissue (r2 = 0.347,p = 0.03). A marked difference in BLVRA expression in PBL between the sustained responders and patients with treatment failure was detected at week 0 and during the follow-up (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that BLVRA basal expression in PBL was an independent predictor for sustained virological response (OR 15; 95% CI 1.05-214.2; P = 0.046). HMOX1/2 expression did not have any effect on the treatment outcome.Our results suggest that patients with chronic HCV infection significantly upregulate BLVRA expression in PBL. The lack of BLVRA overexpression is associated with non-responsiveness to standard antiviral therapy; whereas, HMOX1/2 does not seem to have any predictive potential

<i>BLVRA</i> expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of responders and non-SVR patients during standard antiviral therapy.

<p><i>BLVRA</i> expression was measured the day before treatment initiation (0), and 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks after start of the standard treatment. Data represent means and standard deviations for triplicate determinations. P-values calculated between responders and non-SVR patients. BLVRA, biliverdin reductase A; PBL, peripheral blood leukocytes; SVR = responders, NVR = non-SVR patients.</p

The impact of ribavirin-induced anemia on <i>BLVRA</i> expression.

<p>BLVRA, biliverdin reductase A; HB, hemoglobin.</p

Heme catabolic pathway.

<p>Heme oxygenase, the rate limiting enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway, catalyzes oxidative degradation of heme to form equimolar amounts of bioactive products carbon monoxide, iron and biliverdin, which is subsequently reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients with hepatitis C.

<p>HCV, hepatitis C virus; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBL, peripheral blood leukocytes, SVR, responders; NVR, non-SVR patients; HMOX1, 2, heme oxygenase 1, 2; BLVRA, biliverdin reductase A; ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; N = number of patients. HMOX activity expressed as pmol CO/hr/10⁶ cells. Data expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD), or median (IQ range). *P-value calculated between SVR and NVR.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of potential SVR predictors.

<p>SVR, responders; HCV, hepatitis C virus; <i>IL28B</i>, interleukin 28B; PBL, peripheral blood leukocytes; BLVRA, biliverdin reductase A; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p><p><i>IL28B</i> genotype was tested as CC vs. non-CC allele carriers.</p